大概念引领下的真实情境结构化教学实践*——羧酸及其衍生物

以高中化学“羧酸”一节为例,以大概念“化学源自生活,结构决定性质”为引领,结合系列真实情境,将乙酸的性质、羧酸的性质、羧酸衍生物的性质结构化地整合在一起,螺旋上升式地实施教学,顺应学生学习心理,促进学生学科知识结构化和认知结构化的建立,凸显教学中学生的主体地位,厚植学生的化学学科核心素养,也促进教师的二次成长,达到教学相长。     

基于实时无标记技术研究流式分选后细胞活性的检测方法

利用流式细胞法、细胞计数试剂盒（CCK-8）法、实时细胞功能分析（RTCA）法分别检测分选前后细胞的活性,综合比较了3种方法的检测原理、操作特点等。结果显示,流式细胞法测得的分选后细胞凋亡率为（3.85 ± 0.008）%,分选前细胞凋亡率为（14.09 ± 0.021）%,分选后细胞凋亡率低于分选前,具有统计学差异（P < 0.05）;分选前后的活细胞比例显示,分选后活细胞比例高于分选前,具有显著性统计学差异（P < 0.001）。CCK-8法测得的分选后细胞活性高于分选前,具有显著性统计学差异（P < 0.001）;RTCA法测得的分选后细胞连续增殖活性明显高于分选前,具有极显著性统计学差异（P < 0.000 1）。结果显示,相较于CCK-8法和流式细胞法,RTCA法的细胞用量少、可回收,操作简便,无需标记,检测灵敏度高,可获得实时动态的细胞生长曲线,适合研究分选后细胞长效动态的活性变化,可为基础和临床分选后活细胞的功能研究提供检测手段。     

N_2-DART-Orbitrap中的特征气相离子反应及在西药快速检测中的应用

采用实时直接分析(DART)离子源串联高分辨质谱Orbitrap技术(DART-Orbitrap MS),对8种市售常见西药进行有效成分分析,建立了一种快速、简便、准确测定西药中有效成分的方法.对DART离子源的离子化温度、扫描模式、操作气体种类、辅助溶剂种类及其酸碱性等实验条件进行了优化,得到最佳实验条件.实验结果表明,正谱条件下,采用N_2气作为操作气体时,待测组分准分子离子峰[M+H]+同样具有较高的灵敏度和谱图辨识度.因此,N2气可以替代昂贵的He气作为DART离子源的操作气体用于8种药物有效成分的现场实时检测.该方法具备成本低、快速和操作简便的特点.通过分析待测组分的特征碎片离子,发现了N2-DART离子源中的特征离子反应,包括氧化反应和重排反应.根据获得的特征碎片离子对N_2-DART-MS中发生的反应机理进行推导,并结合理论计算对其进行验证.N_2-DART-MS技术有望应用于复杂基质混合物的现场快速检测中.     

实时直接分析-串联质谱法快速筛查火锅底料、牛肉面汤及调味料中罂粟壳生物碱

建立了采用实时直接分析-串联质谱(DART-MS/MS)对火锅底料、牛肉面汤及调味料中5种非法添加的罂粟壳生物碱进行快速筛查的方法。样品经乙腈提取净化后,在离子化温度为300℃、栅极电压为150 V、进样速率为0.8 m m/s的DART离子源正离子模式条件下进样,以电喷雾离子源正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测,实现了样品经简单预处理后使用DART-MS/MS进行检测的新方法。该方法简便、快速,能满足大批量非法添加样品的快速筛查分析要求。     

Detecting and Analyzing Politically-Themed Stocks Using Text Mining Techniques and Transfer Entropy—Focus on the Republic of Korea’s Case

Politically-themed stocks mainly refer to stocks that benefit from the policies of politicians. This study gave the empirical analysis of the politically-themed stocks in the Republic of Korea and constructed politically-themed stock networks based on the Republic of Korea’s politically-themed stocks, derived mainly from politicians. To select politically-themed stocks, we calculated the daily politician sentiment index (PSI), which means politicians’ daily reputation using politicians’ search volume data and sentiment analysis results from politician-related text data. Additionally, we selected politically-themed stock candidates from politician-related search volume data. To measure causal relationships, we adopted entropy-based measures. We determined politically-themed stocks based on causal relationships from the rates of change of the PSI to their abnormal returns. To illustrate causal relationships between politically-themed stocks, we constructed politically-themed stock networks based on causal relationships using entropy-based approaches. Moreover, we experimented using politically-themed stocks in real-world situations from the schematized networks, focusing on politically-themed stock networks’ dynamic changes. We verified that the investment strategy using the PSI and politically-themed stocks that we selected could benchmark the main stock market indices such as the KOSPI and KOSDAQ around political events.     

Timelessness Strictly inside the Quantum Realm

Time is one of the undisputed foundations of our life in the real world. Here it is argued that inside small isolated quantum systems, time does not pass as we are used to, and it is primarily in this sense that quantum objects enjoy only limited reality. Quantum systems, which we know, are embedded in the everyday classical world. Their preparation as well as their measurement-phases leave durable records and traces in the entropy of the environment. The Landauer Principle then gives a quantitative threshold for irreversibility. With double slit experiments and tunneling as paradigmatic examples, it is proposed that a label of timelessness offers clues for rendering a Copenhagen-type interpretation of quantum physics more “realistic” and acceptable by providing a coarse but viable link from the fundamental quantum realm to the classical world which humans directly experience.     

A method for computing lowest eigenvalues of symmetric polynomial differential operators by semidefinite programming

A method for computing global minima of real multivariate polynomials based on semidefinite programming was developed by N.Z. Shor, J.B. Lasserre and P.A. Parrilo. The aim of this article is to extend a variant of their method to noncommutative symmetric polynomials in variables X and Y satisfying YX−XY=1 and X^*=X, Y^*=−Y. Global minima of such polynomials are defined and showed to be equal to minima of the spectra of the corresponding differential operators. We also discuss how to exploit sparsity and symmetry. Several numerical experiments are included. The last section explains how our theory fits into the framework of noncommutative real algebraic geometry.     

The Darmon-Dasgupta units over genus fields and the Shimura correspondence

We study a special case of the Gross-Stark conjecture (Gross, 1981 [Gr]), namely over genus fields. Based on the same idea we provide evidence of the rationality conjecture of the elliptic units for real quadratic fields over genus fields, which is a refinement of the Gross-Stark conjecture given by Darmon and Dasgupta (2006) [DD]. Then a relationship between these units and the Fourier coefficients of p-adic Eisenstein series of half-integral weight is explained.     

Convex subrings of partially ordered rings

The relationship between a poring and a convex subring has been studied most successfully for porings with bounded inversion. The best conceivable results are known for real closed rings. The present paper focuses on the connections between the prime spectra and between the real spectra of a poring and a convex subring. Examples show that for arbitrary porings one may not expect a very close relationship. But with the assumption of bounded inversion or spectral compatibility the results are similar to those for real closed rings (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)